X-ray and radio observations of the magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846 and its dust-scattering halo

We present a long-term study of the 2011 outburst of the magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846 carried out using new Chandra observations, as well as all the available Swift, RXTE and XMM-Newton data. The last observation was performed on 2011 November 12, about 100 d after the onset of the bursting activity that had led to the discovery of the source on 2011 August 7. This long time-span enabled us to refine the rotational ephemeris and observe a downturn in the decay of the X-ray flux. Assuming a broken power law for the long-term light curve, the break was at similar to 46 d after the outburst onset, when the decay index changed from alpha similar to 0.4 to similar to 4.5. The flux decreased by a factor of similar to 2 in the first similar to 50 d and then by a factor of similar to 40 until 2011 November (overall, by a factor of similar to 70 in similar to 100 d). At the same time, the spectrum, which was well described by an absorbed blackbody all along the outburst, softened, the temperature dropping from similar to 1 to similar to 0.6 keV. Diffuse X-ray emission extending up to 20 arcsec from the source was clearly detected in all Chandra observations. Its spatial and spectral properties, as well as its time evolution, are consistent with a dust-scattering halo due to a single cloud located at a distance of approximate to 200 pc from Swift J1834.9-0846, which should be in turn located at a distance of similar to 5 kpc. Considering the time delay of the scattered photons, the same dust cloud might also be responsible for the more extended emission detected in XMM-Newton data taken in 2011 September. We searched for the radio signature of Swift J1834.9-0846 at radio frequencies using the Green Bank Radio Telescope and in archival data collected at Parkes from 1998 to 2003. No evidence for radio emission was found, down to a flux density of 0.05 mJy (at 2 GHz) during the outburst and similar to 0.2-0.3 mJy (at 1.4 GHz) in the older data.