Direct observation of students during clerkship rotations: A multilayer descriptive study

Purpose. To determine how often students report that they are observed while performing physical examinations and taking histories during clerkship rotations. Method. From 1999-2001, 397 students at the University of Virginia School of Medicine were asked at the end of their third year to report the number of times they had been observed by a resident or faculty member, white taking histories and performing physical examinations on six rotations. Results. Three hundred and forty-five students (87%) returned the survey instrument; of these, 322 (81%) returned instruments with complete information. On average, the majority reported that they had never been observed by a faculty member while taking a history (51%), performing a focused physical examination (54%), or a complete physical examination (81%). The majority (60%) reported that they had never been observed by a resident while performing a complete physical examination. Faculty observations occurred most frequently during the four-week family medicine rotation and least frequently during the 12-week surgery rotation. The length of the clerkship rotation was inversely related to the number of reported observations, chi(2) (5, n = 295) 127.85, P < .000. Conclusions. Although alternative assessments of clinical skills are becoming more common in medical education, faculty ratings based on direct observation are still prominent. The data in this study reflect that these observations may actually be occurring quite infrequently, if at all. Decreasing the evaluative weight of faculty and resident ratings during the clerkship rotation may be necessary. Otherwise, efforts should be made to increase the validity of these ratings.