A Cross-National Study of Fairness in Asia: How Perceptions of a Lack-of-Group Bias and Transparency in the Performance Evaluation System Relate to Job Satisfaction

This study explored how managers' fairness perceptions of performance evaluation systems differ across countries and relate to their job satisfaction. Lack-of-group bias and transparency were the constructs used to assess fairness perceptions. The data sample consisted of 903 Asian managers from the subsidiaries of a leading multinational corporation (MNC) strategically expanding its retail markets in Japan, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Thailand. Results showed that the fairness perceptions of lack-of-group bias and transparency concerning the common performance evaluation system varied within these Asian countries. Furthermore, those fairness perceptions were significantly related to job satisfaction among Asian managers overall, as well as in each of the five geographical subgroups with the exception of Hong Kong, where the perception of a lack-of-group bias was only marginally related to job satisfaction. These findings offer theoretical implications regarding organizational justice, cross-national management, and performance evaluation, as well as practical implications for leveraging organizational justice perceptions of performance evaluation systems for the effectiveness of MNCs. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.