Matching roots to their environment

被引:232
作者
White, Philip J. [1 ]
George, Timothy S. [1 ]
Gregory, Peter J. [2 ,3 ]
Bengough, A. Glyn [1 ,4 ]
Hallett, Paul D. [1 ]
McKenzie, Blair M. [1 ]
机构
[1] James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
[2] East Malling Res, East Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England
[3] Univ Reading, Ctr Food Secur, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England
[4] Univ Dundee, Div Civil Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland
基金
英国科研创新办公室;
关键词
Anatomy; arabidopsis; cereal; evergreen revolution; fertilizer use efficiency; legume; morphology; nitrogen; phosphorus; physiology; potassium; roots; water; PHOSPHORUS-USE EFFICIENCY; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; QTL ANALYSIS; PHOSPHOLIPID SURFACTANTS; ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE;
D O I
10.1093/aob/mct123
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Plants form the base of the terrestrial food chain and provide medicines, fuel, fibre and industrial materials to humans. Vascular land plants rely on their roots to acquire the water and mineral elements necessary for their survival in nature or their yield and nutritional quality in agriculture. Major biogeochemical fluxes of all elements occur through plant roots, and the roots of agricultural crops have a significant role to play in soil sustainability, carbon sequestration, reducing emissions of greenhouse gasses, and in preventing the eutrophication of water bodies associated with the application of mineral fertilizers. This article provides the context for a Special Issue of Annals of Botany on Matching Roots to Their Environment. It first examines how land plants and their roots evolved, describes how the ecology of roots and their rhizospheres contributes to the acquisition of soil resources, and discusses the influence of plant roots on biogeochemical cycles. It then describes the role of roots in overcoming the constraints to crop production imposed by hostile or infertile soils, illustrates root phenotypes that improve the acquisition of mineral elements and water, and discusses high-throughput methods to screen for these traits in the laboratory, glasshouse and field. Finally, it considers whether knowledge of adaptations improving the acquisition of resources in natural environments can be used to develop root systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.
引用
收藏
页码:207 / 222
页数:16
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