Age-related differences in everyday prospective memory tasks: The role of planning and personal importance

被引:17
作者
Niedzwienska, Agnieszka [1 ]
Janik, Beata [1 ]
Jarczynska, Aleksandra [1 ]
机构
[1] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Psychol, Krakow, Poland
关键词
Prospective memory; Age benefits; Real-life tasks; Personal importance; Planning; IMPLEMENTATION INTENTIONS; YOUNG; PARADOX; ADULTS;
D O I
10.1080/00207594.2012.752097
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The aim of the present studies was to investigate whether age-related improvement found in naturalistic but experimenter-given prospective memory (PM) tasks can be generalized to real-life intentions. In Study 1, younger, middle-aged, and older adults generated a list of intended activities for the following week; one week later they marked the tasks that they had performed. The participants were also asked to rate the importance of each listed intention and to describe the circumstances of completion that were already known to them. We found that, compared with younger adults, older adults attributed a higher degree of importance to their intentions and had the circumstances of their completion better planned. However, the age-related benefit in the PM performance for all listed intentions was not present for the very important and well-planned tasks. In Study 2 we manipulated whether younger adults engaged or not in the detailed planning of when their intentions could be completed. It was demonstrated that younger adults who had to perform detailed planning completed their intended activities more often than those who did not plan for their intentions. The results support explanations of the age-related benefit in everyday PM that highlight the role of importance and planning. El proposito de los presentes estudios fue investigar si se puede generalizar la mejora etaria encontrada en tareas de memoria prospectiva (PM) naturalistas pero dadas por el experimentador, a los fines en la vida real. En el Estudio 1, adultos jovenes, de edad intermedia y mayores generaron una lista de actividades pretendidas para la semana siguiente; una semana despues marcaron las tareas que realizaron. Tambien se pidio a los participantes que estimaran la importancia de cada proposito enlistado y describieran las circunstancias para concluirlos que fueron familiares para ellos. Encontramos que, en comparacion con los adultos jovenes, los adultos mayores atribuyeron un grado mayor de importancia a sus propositos y tuvieron mejor planificadas las circunstancias para concluirlos. Sin embargo, el beneficio etario en la ejecucion de la PM para todos los propositos enlistados no se dio para las tareas muy importantes y bien planificadas. En el Estudio 2 manipulamos si los adultos jovenes se ocuparon o no de planificar con detalle cuando podrian concluir sus propositos. Se demostro que los adultos jovenes que tuvieron que realizar una planificacion detallada concluyeron sus actividades pretendidas mas a menudo que aquellos que no planificaron sus propositos. Los resultados apoyan las explicaciones del beneficio etario en la PM cotidiana que resaltan el papel de la importancia y la planificacion. Est-ce que l'amelioration liee a l'age telle que constatee dans les taches de memoire prospective naturelles, mais presentees par un experimentateur peut etre generalisee aux intentions dans la vie de tous les jours? Dans l'etude 1, des adultes jeunes, d'age moyen et plus ages ont produit une liste d'activites prevues pour la semaine suivante. Une semaine plus tard, ils indiquaient les taches effectivement accomplies. Les participants devaient aussi evaluer l'importance de chacune des intentions dont la liste avait ete dressee et decrire les circonstances de leur accomplissement qui leur etaient deja connues. Nous avons trouve que, par rapport aux jeunes adultes, les adultes plus ages accordaient un niveau d'importance plus eleve a leurs intentions et que les circonstances de leur accomplissement etaient mieux planifiees. Toutefois, l'avantage lie a l'age pour la performance de memoire prospective pour l'ensemble des intentions mentionnees ne se manifestait pas dans le cas des taches tres importantes et bien planifiees. Dans la seconde etude, nous avons manipule la possibilite que des adultes plus jeunes s'engagent ou non dans une planification detaillee quand leurs intentions pouvaient etre realisees. Il en est resulte que les adultes plus jeunes qui devaient se livrer a une planification detaillee realisaient leurs activites prevues plus souvent que ceux qui n'avaient pas planifie leurs intentions. Les resultats confortent les explications de l'avantage lie a l'age dans la memoire prospective de tous les jours qui mettent de l'avant le role de l'importance et de la planification.
引用
收藏
页码:1291 / 1302
页数:12
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