Fluvastatin and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in hypercholesterolemic renal transplant patients

Background. Hyperlipidemia contributes to the development and progression of vascular disease in organ transplant patients. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) has been suggested as a key event in early atherogenesis. Methods. We conducted a pilot study in renal transplanted patients with persistent hypercholesterolemia above 6.5 mmol/ liter. We studied the LDL oxidation before and after one year of fluvastatin treatment. Twenty patients (12 males and 8 females, 46 +/- 10 years old) who received a kidney transplant 24 +/- 18 months before the study were treated with fluvastatin (20 mg/day for 12 weeks). Patients with a total cholesterol under 6.3 mmol/liter continued to receive 20 mg/day for another 40 weeks (group I, N = 10). Nine patients with a total cholesterol above 6.3 mmol/liter received 40 mg/day for a further 40 weeks (group II). Results. Cyclosporine levels did not experience a significant variation. Total and LDL cholesteroI decreased significantly in both groups (21.7 and 27.9% in group I, 18.3 and 27.2% in group II, respectively). The lag-phase time, which was significantly enlarged before fluvastatin treatment in the patients with respect to the controls (N = 18, 82 +/- 45 vs. 50 +/- 8 min) was shortened after one year of fluvastatin treatment (64 +/- 24 vs. 50 +/- 8 min, P = 0.04). Fluvastatin was stopped in only one patient because of nausea and vomiting. Transaminases and creatin-phospho-kinase were not altered. All of the patients maintained a functioning graft during the study period. Conclusions. Fluvastatin significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol, without interferences with cyclosporine A through levels. Fluvastatin has not demonstrated an antioxidant effect in our renal hypercholesterolemic transplant patients.