Applications of computational intelligence in vehicle traffic congestion problem: a survey

Vehicle traffic congestion is an increasing concern in metropolitan areas, with negative health, environment and economical implications. In recent times, computational intelligence (CI), a set of nature-inspired computational approaches and algorithms, has been used in vehicle routing and congestion mitigation research (also referred to as CI-based vehicle traffic routing systems-VTRSs). In this paper, we conduct a critique of existing literature on CI-based VTRSs and discuss identified limitations, evaluation process of existing approaches and research trends. We also identify potential research opportunities.