Looking east: (Re-)creating a social work 'industry' in the People's Republic of China

The article furnishes a critical commentary on social work in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is maintained that it is important to contextualise this development by taking into account the restoration of capitalism and wider structures of governance. Although there is no perfect alignment, it is argued that the (re-)creation of social work occurred during the same period when a Chinese proletariat was (re-)created. Drawing on the work of Antonio Gramsci and resisting a reductively mechanistic interpretation of the profession's evolution, it is maintained that social work's new centrality in the PRC can be best understood if it is situated alongside the hegemonic project of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to construct, what is referred to as, the 'harmonious society'. The article concludes by tentatively identifying the emerging contours of social work with distinctive Chinese traits.