Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)/Epoxy/Phenol Novolac Blend Proton-Exchange Membranes with Low Methanol Permeability

A crosslinked epoxy [4,4-diglycidyl-(3,3',5, 5'-tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy resin (TMBP)], cured by phenol novolac (PN), was introduced into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane (ion-exchange capacity = 2.0 mequiv/g) With a casting-solution, evaporation, and heating crosslinking method to improve the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, water retention, and methanol resistance. By Fourier transform infrared analysis, the interactions between the sulfonic acid groups and hydroxyl groups in the blend membranes were confirmed. The microstructure and morphology Of the blend membranes were investigated with atomic force microscopy. As expected, the blend membranes showed excellent mechanical properties, good thermal properties (thermal stability above 200 degrees C), lower swelling ratios (1.4% at 25 degrees C and 7.0% at 80 degrees C), higher water retention (water diffusion coefficient = 9.8 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s), and a lower methanol permeability coefficient (3.6 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s) than the pristine SPEEK membrane. Although the proton conductivity of the blend membranes decreased, a higher selectivity (ratio of the proton conductivity to the methanol permeability) was obtained than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. The results showed that the SPEEK/TMBP/PN blend membranes Could have potential use as proton-exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. (c) 2008 Wiley, Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 111: 1335-1343, 2009