RETRACTED: Evaluation of the green supply chain management practices: A novel neutrosophic approach (Retracted article. See vol. 139, 2022)

To attain competitive advantages and promote environmental performance, a proactive approach called green supply chain management (GSCM), has been extensively employed. In this paper, we use the robust ranking technique with neutrosophic set to handle practices and performances in GSCM. We evaluate GSCM practices using the robust ranking technique in order to detect practices leading to better economic and environmental performances. We employ the neutrosophic set theory to handle vague data, imprecise knowledge, incomplete information and linguistic imprecision. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated by using the first case study from petroleum industry in Egypt and the second case study from manufacturing firm in China. The results display that "reverse logistics", "supplier environmental collaboration", "carbon management" are the significant in GSCM practices. Both case studies verified that our proposal could be adopted for effectiveness and improvement. Our work could help managers and decision makers to become more environmentally responsible. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.