A study on correlation between oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients with kidney dysfunction in north Indian population

Background Research reports support the statement that oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to ascertain the associated role of oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in diabetes and related CKD among the north Indian population. Methods The study was divided into three groups as healthy subjects (group 1), patients with diabetes without complication (group 2), and with CKD (group 3). Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) content were estimated in all individuals. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-alpha were determined by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Results MDA, protein carbonyl, and NO were significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with healthy subjects (P <= 0.05). Total thiols content were found to be significantly decreased in patients with diabetes with CKD. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GR showed a significant suppression in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without CKD as compared with healthy subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly upregulated (P <= 0.05) as compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion Determination of antioxidant defense parameters and inflammatory markers contributes to understand the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation on the development and prevention of chronic kidney disease in Indian patients with diabetes.