The structure of carbon blacks measured with (Ultra)-Small Angle X-ray Scattering

The particle structure of various carbon blacks was measured using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS). The objective of the paper is the characterization of ten new carbon blacks produced in furnace black and in gas black processes by Degussa-Huls AG and their classification regarding their structure. The data were obtained using the synchrotron radiation of HASYLAB/DESY in Hamburg, Germany. The SAXS and USAXS investigations gave information about size of primary particles and aggregates in the range from 0.3 to 120 nm, structure parameters like the fractal dimension, bulk and powder density, as well as specific surface area and volume. In addition a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study was made. As a second objective, apparent discrepancies between both techniques are explained by the special evaluation procedures employed in SAXS data analysis.