Acidiella bohemica gen. et sp nov and Acidomyces spp. (Teratosphaeriaceae), the indigenous inhabitants of extremely acidic soils in Europe

Extremely acidic soils (pH < 3) harbour mycobiota that are different from less acidic habitats and are dominated by a small number of fungal species. During investigation of the mycobiota of highly acidic soils in the Czech Republic and Iceland, a group of melanised fungal isolates was obtained. Based on phenotype and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (ITS region, SSU, LSU), the isolates were accommodated by three phylogenetic lineages within the family Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes). The first lineage is here described as a new acidotolerant genus and species Acidiella bohemica gen. nov. et sp. nov. The most closely related species to this new clade are other extremotolerant fungi isolated from rocks and lichens collected in the Alps and Antarctica as well as leaf-spotting species and opportunistic human pathogens. The isolates belonging to the second and the third lineages were identified as the recently described acidophilic fungi Acidomyces acidophilus and Teratosphaeria acidotherma, respectively. The taxonomic status of both sister species is discussed and the latter species is ascribed here to the genus Acidomyces.