Adherence to Guidelines by Emergency Medical Services During Transport of Stroke Patients Receiving Intravenous Thrombolytic Infusion

Background: The "drip and ship" paradigm among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has resulted in expansion of thrombolytic treatment in patients eligible for intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). It remains controversial whether the settings within the emergency medical services (EMS) transport are adequate for IVrt-PAinfusion. We sought to determine EMS adherence to guidelines during the transport of drip and ship AIS patients treated with IVrt-PA while being transferred to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) and the effect of nonadherence on outcome upon discharge. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of patients transferred to our CSC was conducted to determine the rates of adherence to quality parameters during EMS transport with infusion of IVrt-PA. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score <= 1 upon discharge. Results: Among the 40 patients studied (55% men; mean age 71.9 +/- 13.9 years), 38 patients received vital sign monitoring at 10- to 20-minute intervals. The mean transit time was 37.7 +/- 20.2 minutes. Of the 39 patients with blood pressure (BP) monitoring, 7 patients had at least 1 episode of BP elevation above the recommended parameters (>180/105 mm Hg); only 1 of those was treated with an antihypertensive agent. Five of the 40 patients were considered to have worsened between the outside ED and CSC ED evaluations without IV rt-PA discontinuation during transfer. The rate of favorable outcome of patients who had interim neurologic deterioration without discontinuation of IV rt-PA or BP >180/105 mm Hg without antihypertensive treatment was similar to those who experienced neither event (41.7% and 35.7%; P = .736). Conclusions: Efforts are required to improve EMS adherence to guidelines in patients receiving IV rt-PA during EMS transport in anticipation of broader use of the "drip and ship" paradigm.