Meteorological conditions, climate change, new emerging factors, and asthma and related allergic disorders. A statement of the World Allergy Organization

被引：363

作者：

D'Amato, Gennaro ^{[1
,2
]}

Holgate, Stephen T. ^{[3
]}

Pawankar, Ruby ^{[4
]}

Ledford, Dennis K. ^{[5
]}

Cecchi, Lorenzo ^{[6
]}

Al-Ahmad, Mona ^{[7
]}

Al-Enezi, Fatma ^{[8
]}

Al-Muhsen, Saleh ^{[9
]}

Ansotegui, Ignacio ^{[10
]}

Baena-Cagnani, Carlos E. ^{[11
]}

Baker, David J. ^{[12
]}

Bayram, Hasan ^{[13
]}

Bergmann, Karl Christian ^{[14
]}

Boulet, Louis-Philippe ^{[15
]}

Buters, Jeroen T. M. ^{[16
]}

D'Amato, Maria ^{[17
]}

Dorsano, Sofia ^{[18
]}

Douwes, Jeroen ^{[19
]}

Finlay, Sarah Elise ^{[20
]}

Garrasi, Donata ^{[21
]}

Gomez, Maximiliano ^{[22
]}

Haahtela, Tari ^{[23
,24
]}

Halwani, Rabih

Hassani, Youssouf ^{[25
]}

Mahboub, Basam ^{[26
,27
]}

Marks, Guy ^{[28
,29
]}

Michelozzi, Paola ^{[30
]}

Montagni, Marcello ^{[31
]}

Nunes, Carlos ^{[32
]}

Oh, Jay Jae-Won ^{[33
]}

Popov, Todor A. ^{[34
]}

Portnoy, Jay ^{[35
]}

Ridolo, Erminia ^{[31
]}

Rosario, Nelson ^{[36
]}

Rottem, Menachem ^{[37
,38
]}

Sanchez-Borges, Mario ^{[39
]}

Sibanda, Elopy ^{[40
]}

Jose Sienra-Monge, Juan ^{[41
]}

Vitale, Carolina ^{[42
]}

Annesi-Maesano, Isabella ^{[43
,44
]}

机构：

[1] High Specialty Hosp A Cardarelli Napoli, Div Pneumol & Allergol, Dept Resp Dis, Naples, Italy

[2] Univ Naples Federico II, Sch Med, I-80121 Naples, Italy

[3] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, Clin & Expt Sci, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England

[4] Nippon Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Tokyo 113, Japan

[5] Univ S Florida, Morsani Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA

[6] Univ Florence, Allergy & Clin Immunol Sect, Interdept Ctr Bioclimatol, Azienda Sanit Prato, I-50121 Florence, Italy

[7] Minist Hlth, Al Rashid Ctr, Dept Allergy, Khobar, Kuwait

[8] Al Rashid Allergy & Resp Ctr, Khobar, Kuwait

[9] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

[10] Hosp Quiron Bizkaia, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Erandio, Spain

[11] Catholic Univ Cordoba, Fac Med, Ctr Res Resp Med, Cordoba, Argentina

[12] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, SAMU Paris, Paris, France

[13] Gaziantep Univ, Sch Med, Dept Chest Dis, Res Lab,Allergy Div, TR-27310 Gaziantep, Turkey

[14] Charite, Allergy Ctr Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany

[15] Univ Laval, Quebec Heart & Lung Inst, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G5, Canada

[16] Tech Univ Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, ZAUM Ctr Allergy & Environm, D-80290 Munich, Germany

[17] Univ Naples Federico II, Inst Resp Dis, Naples, Italy

[18] World Allergy Org, Milwaukee, WI USA

[19] Massey Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Wellington, New Zealand

[20] Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, Emergency Med, London, England

[21] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Dev Assistance Comm, Paris, France

[22] Hosp San Bernardo, Asthma & Allergy Unit, Salta, Argentina

[23] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Skin & Allergy Hosp, Helsinki, Finland

[24] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Prince Naif Ctr Immunol Res, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

[25] UPMC Sorbonne Univ, Epidemiol Resp & Allerg Dis Dept, Inst Pierre Louis Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, UMR S,INSERM,Med Sch St Antoine, Paris, France

[26] Univ Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[27] Rashid Hosp DHA, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[28] UNSW, South Western Sydney Clin Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[29] Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

[30] UOC Epidemiol Ambientale, Dipartimento Epidemiol Reg Lazio, Rome, Italy

[31] Univ Parma, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-43100 Parma, Italy

[32] Hosp Particular do Algarve, Ctr Allergy Algarve, Particular Do Algarve, Brazil

[33] Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Seoul 133791, South Korea

[34] Med Univ Sofia, Clin Allergy & Asthma, Sofia, Bulgaria

[35] Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Kansas City, MO USA

[36] Univ Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Div Pediat Resp Med, BR-80810100 Curitiba, PR, Brazil

[37] Emek Med Ctr, Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Afula, Israel

[38] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rappaport Fac Med, Haifa, Israel

[39] Clin Avila, Caracas, Venezuela

[40] Asthma Allergy & Immune Dysfunct Clin, Harare, Zimbabwe

[41] Hosp Infantil Mexico Federico Gomez SSA, Allergy & Immunol Dept, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[42] Univ Naples Federico II, Inst Resp Dis, Naples, Italy

[43] Inst Pierre Louis Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Resp Allerg Dis Dept EPAR, UMR S 1136, Paris, France

[44] Univ Paris 04, UPMC, Med Sch St Antoine, F-75571 Paris 12, France

来源：

WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL | 2015年 / 8卷

关键词：

DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM; NONATOPIC NONASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; THUNDERSTORM-ASSOCIATED ASTHMA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES; LATIN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; FARM MILK CONSUMPTION;

D O I：

10.1186/s40413-015-0073-0

中图分类号：

R392 [医学免疫学];

学科分类号：

100102 ;

摘要：

The prevalence of allergic airway diseases such as asthma and rhinitis has increased dramatically to epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides air pollution from industry derived emissions and motor vehicles, the rising trend can only be explained by gross changes in the environments where we live. The world economy has been transformed over the last 25 years with developing countries being at the core of these changes. Around the planet, in both developed and developing countries, environments are undergoing profound changes. Many of these changes are considered to have negative effects on respiratory health and to enhance the frequency and severity of respiratory diseases such as asthma in the general population. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, and especially carbon dioxide (CO2), in the atmosphere have already warmed the planet substantially, causing more severe and prolonged heat waves, variability in temperature, increased air pollution, forest fires, droughts, and floods - all of which can put the respiratory health of the public at risk. These changes in climate and air quality have a measurable impact not only on the morbidity but also the mortality of patients with asthma and other respiratory diseases. The massive increase in emissions of air pollutants due to economic and industrial growth in the last century has made air quality an environmental problem of the first order in a large number of regions of the world. A body of evidence suggests that major changes to our world are occurring and involve the atmosphere and its associated climate. These changes, including global warming induced by human activity, have an impact on the biosphere, biodiversity, and the human environment. Mitigating this huge health impact and reversing the effects of these changes are major challenges. This statement of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) raises the importance of this health hazard and highlights the facts on climate-related health impacts, including: deaths and acute morbidity due to heat waves and extreme meteorological events; increased frequency of acute cardio-respiratory events due to higher concentrations of ground level ozone; changes in the frequency of respiratory diseases due to trans-boundary particle pollution; altered spatial and temporal distribution of allergens (pollens, molds, and mites); and some infectious disease vectors. According to this report, these impacts will not only affect those with current asthma but also increase the incidence and prevalence of allergic respiratory conditions and of asthma. The effects of climate change on respiratory allergy are still not well defined, and more studies addressing this topic are needed. Global warming is expected to affect the start, duration, and intensity of the pollen season on the one hand, and the rate of asthma exacerbations due to air pollution, respiratory infections, and/or cold air inhalation, and other conditions on the other hand.

引用

页数：52