Development and Validation Peaceful Classroom Scale: Rasch Model Analysis

Year after year, the rate of violence among students rises. This is a conundrum because the phenomenon has already began to appear in high school. It is uncommon since a violent culture has a direct influence on students' academic success as well as several non-academic psychological characteristics. The study aimed to validate and develop a peaceful classroom scale. This study took place in Indonesia between 2020 and 2021, with 406 junior high school students (176 men and 230 females) participating by simple random sampling. A quantitative research methodology was used to analyze a survey design that distributes 25 items on a 5-point Likert scale. The data analysis used the common factor analysis technique and Rasch model, "i.e.," Winsteps software version 3.73. Study results show 24 valid items, and the answer choices can be 4 or 7 points. As the representation of interaction between the person and the items as a whole, the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.94, which is in the excellent category. Furthermore, the person dependability rating is 0.82, which falls into the very good category as a reflection of the consistency of the participant's responses. This scale meets the criteria because it already has good psychometric properties so that it can be used to investigate peaceful classrooms at the junior high school level.