Magnetite enhances anaerobic digestion of high salinity organic wastewater

Biological treatment of high salinity organic wastewater is a significant challenge because many microorganisms involved in the anaerobic digestion process cannot survive high osmotic pressures. In order to alleviate some of the stresses associated with the treatment of high salinity wastewater, two lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors with or without magnetite (100 g/L) were used to treat high salinity organic wastewater. This study showed that the bioreactor amended with magnetite had higher chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies (90.2% +/- 0.54% vs 73.1% +/- 1.9%) and methane production rates (4082 +/- 334 ml (standard temperature and atmospheric pressure, STP)/d vs 2640 +/- 120 ml (STP)/d) than the non-amended control reactor. In addition, the consumption of volatile fatty acids (20.9 +/- 3.4 mM vs 61.7 +/- 2.0 mM) was accelerated. Microbial community analysis revealed that the addition of magnetite caused the enrichment of many bacterial genera known to form robust biofilms (i.e. Pseudomonas) that are also capable of extracellular electron transfer and methanogens from the genus Methanosarcina which have been shown to participate in direct interspecies electron transfer. These results show that magnetite addition could enhance the performance of anaerobic digesters treating high salinity wastewater.