Indications of next-generation sequencing in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Purpose of review In this study, we will give an overview on the current and foreseeable indications of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technologies for the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and decision of individualized treatment strategy in lymphomas. Recent findings Recent NGS-based studies have offered a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic landscapes featuring B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, with identification of genomic biomarkers useful for a better subclassification and, therefore, for a more accurate diagnosis. NGS analyses in lymphoma have also unveiled recurrent somatic mutations representing novel potential therapeutic targets or underlying drug resistance, and paved the way for tailor-made medicine. High throughput sequencing methods may also identify lymphoma-specific genetic aberrations in circulating tumoral DNA (liquid biopsy) obtained from blood samples. This suggests the possibility of performing minimally invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring, with early detection of relapse and possibility of response-adapted therapy approaches. NGS analyses should be included shortly in the diagnostic work up of lymphomas. Applying NGS to liquid biopsy at diagnosis and during follow up of lymphoma patients will be a significant breakthrough towards precision medicine.