Analysis of Bayesian inference algorithms by the dynamical functional approach

We analyze the dynamics of an algorithm for approximate inference with large Gaussian latent variable models in a student-teacher scenario. To model nontrivial dependencies between the latent variables, we assume random covariance matrices drawn from rotation invariant ensembles. For the case of perfect data-model matching, the knowledge of static order parameters derived from the replica method allows us to obtain efficient algorithmic updates in terms of matrix-vector multiplications with a fixed matrix. Using the dynamical functional approach, we obtain an exact effective stochastic process in the thermodynamic limit for a single node. From this, we obtain closed-form expressions for the rate of the convergence. Analytical results are in excellent agreement with simulations of single instances of large models.