Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers in Patients with Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in China

Background: Prevalence and associated risk factors for pressure ulcers (PU) vary in different body areas and diseases. Few studies have focused on PU in patients with enterocutaneous fistula (ECF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for PU in patients with ECF. Material/Methods: From January 2016 to June 2016, medical records of 140 patients with ECF who were transferred to the Enterocutaneous Fistula Treatment Center, Jinling Hospital, were reviewed and analyzed. The prevalence of PU was investigated. To evaluate the risk factors for PU in patients with ECF, 5 patients with PU before admission were excluded, and the remaining 135 patients were divided into 2 groups: the PU group and the non-PU group. The risk factors for PU were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis of characteristics on admission. Results: There were 42 cases with PU (5 cases with PU before admission, 37 cases with PU in the treatment after ad- mission), and the prevalence of PU in patients with ECF was 30%. In addition, Braden risk score <19 (OR=9.33, CI: 2.80-31.08, p<0.001); underweight (BMI<18.5) (OR=5.21, CI: 1.65-16.39, p=0.005); onset of duodenal fistula (OR=4.86, CI: 1.33-17.78, p=0.017); diabetes (OR=4.95, CI: 1.03-23.85, p=0.046); and APACHE II score (OR=1.34, CI: 1.04-1.72, p=0.019) were associated with PU. Conclusions: The PU prevalence was 30% in patients with ECF. Braden risk score <19, underweight, onset of duodenal fistula, diabetes, and APACHE II score were risk factors for PU in patients with ECF.