Intake and serum concentrations of α-tocopherol in relation to fractures in elderly women and men: 2 cohort studies

Background: A reduction in the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress might reduce the rate of bone loss and muscle wasting. Objective: The objective was to determine whether alpha-tocopherol intake or serum concentrations are associated with fracture risk in older women and men. Design: Two cohort studies, the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC; n = 61,433 women) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n = 1138 men), were used. Results: During 19 y of follow-up, 14,738 women in the SMC experienced a first fracture at any site (3871 hip fractures). A higher hip fracture rate was observed with lower intakes of alpha-tocopherol. Compared with the highest quintile of intake, the lowest quintile had a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.86 (95% CI: 1.67, 2.06). The BR of any fracture was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.28). alpha-Tocopherol containing supplement use was associated with a reduced rate of hip fracture (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.93) and any fracture (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94). Compared with the highest quintile of alpha-tocopherol intake in ULSAM (follow-up: 12 y), lower intakes (quintiles 1-4) were associated with a higher rate of hip fracture (BR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.43, 7.76) and any fracture (HR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.88). The HR for hip fracture in men for each 1-SD decrease in serum a-tocopherol was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.22) and for any fracture was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.48). Conclusion: Low intakes and low serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are associated with an increased rate of fracture in elderly women and men.