Approach to equilibrium in a microscopic model of friction

被引:33
作者
Caprino, S
Marchioro, C
Pulvirenti, M
机构
[1] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Matemat, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[2] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Matemat, I-00185 Rome, Italy
关键词
D O I
10.1007/s00220-006-1542-7
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
We consider the time evolution of a disk under the action of a constant force and interacting with a free gas in the mean-field approximation. Letting V-0 > 0 be the initial velocity of the disk and V-infinity > 0 its equilibrium velocity, namely the one for which the external field is balanced by the friction force exerted by the background, we show that, if V-infinity - V-0 is positive and sufficiently small, then the disk reaches V-infinity with the power law t(-(d+2)), d = 1, 2, 3 being the dimension of the physical space. The reason for this behavior is the long tail memory due to recollisions. Any Markovian approximation (or simply neglecting the recollisions) yields an exponential approach to equilibrium.
引用
收藏
页码:167 / 189
页数:23
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