Determination of valproic acid in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A simple and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of valproic acid in human serum. The method is based on the direct derivatization of serum sample with 6,7-methylenedioxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-3-ylpropionohydrazide. The derivatization reaction proceeds in aqueous solution in the presence of pyridine and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodi imide at 37 degrees C. The resulting derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase column (YMC Pack ODS-A) with isocratic elution and were fluorimetrically detected at 440 nm with excitation at 365 nm. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for valproic acid added to serum sample was 0.1 mu g (700 fmol)/ml serum sample (2.3 fmol on column). The method was applied to determine the unbound- and total-valproic acid levels in the serum obtained from three healthy volunteers after oral administration of the drug (600 mg).