Circulating angiopoietins and cardiovascular mortality in cardiogenic shock

Aims Vascular integrity is disturbed in shock contributing to clinical appearance and serious outcomes. While angiopoietin (Ang)-1 protects from vascular inflammation and leakage, Ang-2 disrupts endothelial barrier function. The imbalance of Ang-1 and Ang-2, their association to haemodynamic deterioration, and their prognostic relevance are not known and, thus, were prospectively evaluated in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) in this study. Methods and results Plasma Ang-1 and Ang-2 were determined by the enzyme immunoassay in patients with CS (n 96), uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n 20) and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n 20). Angiopoietin-2 was three-fold elevated in CS compared with HC (P 0.001), remained elevated in non-survivors, and decreased in survivors (P 0.001). In contrast, Ang-1 decreased up to 35-fold in CS (P 0.001). Angiopoietin-1 was correlated and Ang-2 was inversely related to a cardiac power index and mixed venous oxygen saturation, respectively (P 0.001 for all). To assess the prognostic relevance, two outcome variables were considered: the 28-day mortality and the survival time (follow-up time 1 year). For Ang-2 at admission a cut-off point of 2500 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 61 and a specificity of 80 to determine 28-day mortality in CS (confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve 0.71 0.06, P 0.001). Angiopoietin-2 levels 2500 pg/mL at admission were observed to be an independent predictor for 1-year mortality in CS confirmed by Cox proportional hazard analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 2.11; 95 confidence interval (CI) 1.034.36; P 0.042]. Conclusion Circulating Angs are closely related to outcome and severity in CS. Angiopoietin-2 emerged as an independent predictor of 28-day and 1-year mortality in CS. Larger studies are required to define the cut-off and predictive values for Ang-2. Angiopoietins may be prognostic biomarkers for survival in CS and might represent a novel therapeutic target.