Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the parietal bone:: A case report

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the localized form of histiocytosis-x disease. It is characterized as benign proliferation of the Langerhans cells. We discussed a rare case with LCH of the parietal bone that is operated in our institution. Case presentation: 9 year old female patient, admitted to our hospital with headache and swelling at the left side of the head. Physical examination revealed a 1x1 cm sized, soft swelling at the left frontoparietal region. Neurological examination was normal. Craniography and Computed tomography (CT) showed a lytic lesion at the left frontoparietal region. Hystopatologic examination confirmed the histiocytosis-x disease after total removal. Diagnosis of LCH, was made because of the unique lesion and abscence of disseminated desase signs. Discussion: Histiocytosis X disease, is characterized nonneoplastic proliferation of the Langerhans type histiocytosis due to atypical immunologic reaction. This disease includes three clinical groups. 1) LCH (Chronic-focal form), 2) Letterer-Siwe (Acute-generalized form), 3) Hand schuller christian (Chronic-generalized form). 90% of patients with LCH were presented with local tenderness caused by involvement of bone between 5-15 years old. Calvarium is the most involved region in the adolescent and childs. CT and MRI are the most usefull diagnostic tolls for LCH. Surgical removal, radiotheraphy, chemotheraphy and local steroid injections may be use in the management of the EG.