Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell

Environmental pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated groundwater and soils is a serious threat to human health. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) could be employed in the treatment of these recalcitrant pollutants with concomitant bioelectricity generation. In this study, the use of MFCs in biodegradation of phenanthrene, a model hydrocarbon, was investigated with respect to its biodegradation rate, biodegradation efficiency, and power production using a range of inocula (Shewanella oneidensisMR1 14063, Pseudomonas aeruginosaNCTC 10662, mixed cultures, and combinations thereof). All the inocula showed high potentials for phenanthrene degradation with a minimum degradation efficiency of 97%. The best overall performing inoculum was anaerobically digested sludge supplemented with P. aeruginosaNCTC 10662, having a degradation rate, maximum power density and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 27.30 M/d, 1.25 mW/m(2) and 65.6%, respectively. Adsorption of phenanthrene on the carbon anode was also investigated; it conformed to a Type II adsorption isotherm and could be modelled using a modified Brunauer, Emmett and Teller model with a maximum monolayer capacity of 0.088 mg/cm(2). This work highlights the possibility of using MFCs to achieve high degradation rates of phenanthrene through co-metabolism and could potentially be used as a replacement of permeable reactive barriers for remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater.