Protective effect of the NAC and Sal on zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced reproductive and development toxicity in pregnant mice

The growing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in various applications has raised many concerns about the potential risks to human health. In this research, the protective effects of cellular oxidative stress inhibitor N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor Salubrinal (Sal) on reproductive toxicity induced by ZnO NPs were investigated. The results showed that application of these two kinds of cell stress inhibitors after oral ingestion of ZnO NPs could prevent the weight loss of pregnant mice; reduce zinc content in the uterus, placenta and fetus; reduce abnormal development of the offspring; and decrease fetal abortion. Furthermore, RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence assay results indicated that NAC restored the expression of Gclc, reduced the expression of ATF4, JNK and Caspase-12, and decreased the expression of eNOS and IGF-1, in the placenta. Sal decreased the expression of ATF4, JNK and Caspase-12, and increased the expression of eNOS and IGF-lcaused by the oral ingestion of ZnO NPs. These results indicated that treatment with NAC and Sal after oral exposure could reduce reproductive and development toxicity caused by ZnO NPs which induced reproductive and development toxicity that was probably caused by the activation of oxide stress and ER stress.