Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization

被引:47
作者
Elisa Castro-Peraza, Maria [1 ]
Manuel Garcia-Acosta, Jesus [1 ]
Delgado, Naira [2 ]
Maria Perdomo-Hernandez, Ana [1 ]
Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez, Maria [1 ]
Llabres-Sole, Rosa [1 ]
Doria Lorenzo-Rocha, Nieves [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ La Laguna, Canary Isl Publ Hlth Serv, Fac Nursing NS Candelaria, Tenerife 38010, Canary Islands, Spain
[2] Univ La Laguna, Fac Psychol, Tenerife 38071, Canary Islands, Spain
关键词
trans; transgender; gender identity; human rights; right to health; non-discrimination; pathologization;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph16060978
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Background: Transgender people have a gender identity different from the one allocated to them at birth. In many countries, transsexualism and transgenderism are considered mental illnesses under the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. This pathologization impacts on human rights. Main content: The United Nations (UN) has denounced violations against trans-people, including attacks, forced medical treatments, lack of legal gender recognition, and discrimination in the areas of education, employment, access to healthcare, and justice. The UN has linked these violations directly with discriminatory diagnostic classifications that pathologize gender diversity. Trans-people have been pathologized by psycho-medical classification and laws all around the world, with a different impact depending on countries. This paper argues that pathologization infringes infringes upon a wide range of human rights such as; civil, economic, social cultural and also the access to medical care. Conclusions: The current situation for trans-people with respect to legal healthcare matters, depends on the country. Human rights are universal, not a question for cultural interpretation. They are the minimum that every human being must have assured only by the fact of being human. Countries must protect these rights by regulating trans-pathologization with special attention dedicated to intersex people and their specific needs.
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页数:11
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