The adaptation of sport assessment-patella questionnaire into simplified Chinese version: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity

Background The original version of Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella Questionnaire (VISA-P) is developed in English, and aimed to assess the severity of patellar tendinopathy symptoms. Before used in China, it should be translated to Chinese version. Objectives Our aim is to make a translation/cross-culturally adaption for the VISA-P into simplified Chinese version (VISA-PC). And primarily validate the VISA-PC in Chinese speaking population. Methods The translation process of VISA-P questionnaire into simplified Chinese version (VISP-PC) followed the International recognized guideline. Cross-cultural adaptation was carried out with a clinical measurement study. A total of 128 projects which consisted 33 healthy students, 39 patients with patellar tendinopathy and 56 military students (receive military training as at-risk population) were included into this study. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity and floor and ceiling effects were also tested. Results The scores were 95.84 +/- 5.97 of healthy group, 91.87 +/- 9.03 of at-risk group, 62.49 +/- 11.39 of pathological group. There is no ceiling and floor effect of VISA-PC. The Cronbach's alpha (0.895) and ICC (0.986) values showed good internal consistency and reliability. There were high correlations between VISA-PC and Kujala patellofemoral score (r = 0.721). VISA-PC score also had good correlation with the relevant SF-36 items. Conclusion The VISA-PC was well translated into simplified Chinese version (VISA-PC), which is reliable and valid for Chinese-speaking patients with patellar tendinopathy.