Patterns of juvenile habitat use and seasonality of settlement by permit, Trachinotus falcatus

Permit, Trachinotus falcatus are economically and ecologically important throughout their range of the Caribbean, subtropical and tropical western Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico. Despite their economic importance, little is known about the biology and ecology of permit, and most existing information is from Florida. While sufficient information is available to paint a general picture of permit life history, details are lacking for most life stages. For the juvenile life stage, nursery habitats and size and age at settlement have not yet been defined. Although six distinct habitat types (medium energy and low energy windward beaches, leeward beaches, and windward, leeward, and lagoon interior mangrove shorelines) were sampled to determine spatial patterns of habitat use by early juvenile permit at Turneffe Atoll, Belize, Central America, and the Florida Keys, USA, 99% of juvenile permit were found along medium energy windward beaches, indicating their role as nursery habitat for this species. A sub-sample of juvenile permit from Florida was examined to estimate spawning date and age at settlement from otoliths. Size-frequency distributions and otolith age analysis indicate that larval duration is approximately 15 - 20 days, and settlement occurs year-round. Since permit in Florida spawn March through July, from March through September in Cuba, and from February through October in Belize, year-round settlement indicates population connectivity via larval transport. These results lay the foundation for future research on larval supply, population connectivity, and juvenile ecology, and will aid in the ongoing formulation of a conservation plan toward a sustainable fishery for permit.