Unexpected effects in non crystalline materials exposed to X-ray radiation

The interaction of high intensity synchrotron radiation X-rays in the energy range 5 < E < 30 keV with matter can produce a large number of expected and less expected effects. Whether these be considered radiation damage or are simply ignored, perhaps depends on the context or the eye of the beholder. In many cases however, X-ray induced effects can easily be mistaken for experimental results, and non-crystalline materials and liquids are most affected. We give a brief overview of possible X-ray induced effects, including structural changes and nanoparticle formation in glass, reaction rates in catalysis, the formation of bubbles in aqueous environments due to the presence of salts, and discuss possible mechanisms. The results shown are relevant for time-resolved processes studied,by X-ray methods in catalysis, glass devitrification and for liquid samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.