Coupling Analysis of Complex-Layout Traces Using a Circuit-Concept Approach

An analytical method is studied for estimating coupling between arbitrarily directed multiple finite-length lines with different line lengths and heights. Coupling or crosstalk analysis is performed by developing an expanded circuit-concept approach based on modified telegrapher's equations of the Agrawal approach instead of the Taylor approach, providing some computational advantages. An electric image method using the quasi-static terms of the accurate Green's function is used to estimate the electromagnetic fields in an inhomogeneous medium such as a printed circuit board. The approach is applied to the analysis of parallel and nonparallel or bent microstrip models, and embedded-line models in which one line is embedded and the other is on the surface layer. To verify the proposed approach, we conducted some experiments and compared the results of our approach with the results of measurements and a commercial electromagnetic solver.