Updated Sniffin' Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects

被引:506
作者
Oleszkiewicz, A. [1 ,2 ]
Schriever, V. A. [3 ]
Croy, I. [4 ]
Haehner, A. [1 ]
Hummel, Thomas [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Smell & Taste Clin, Fetscherstr 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
[2] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Psychol, Ul Dawida 1, PL-50527 Wroclaw, Poland
[3] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Neuropediat Med, Fetscherstr 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
[4] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Psychotherapy & Psychosomat Med, Fetscherstr 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
关键词
Olfaction; Sniffin' Sticks; Threshold; Discrimination; Identification; Normative data; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; ODOR IDENTIFICATION; OLFACTORY FUNCTION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; AGE; DISCRIMINATION; THRESHOLD; TESTS; IMPAIRMENT; ABILITY;
D O I
10.1007/s00405-018-5248-1
中图分类号
R76 [耳鼻咽喉科学];
学科分类号
100213 ;
摘要
PurposeTo provide up-to-date and detailed normative data based on a large-scale sample, increasing diagnostic validity by reference to narrow age groups as previous normative values were based upon smaller sample sizesespecially in the group of older subjects.MethodData were obtained from 9139 healthy subjects (4928 females aged 5-96years and 4211 males aged 5-91years). The standard Sniffin' Sticks test was applied, comprising threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I) subtests, and yielding a TDI sum score.ResultsHyposmia was established at a TDI score of less than 30.75. Age-related changes were found in each domain, most pronounced for thresholds. Individuals aged 20-30years performed best, whereas children below the age of 10 and adults above the age of 71 scored only half as well. Sex-related differences were in favor of women.ConclusionsData provide guidance for assessing individual olfactory performance in relation to specific age groups. Significant gender and age effects were observed, with a most pronounced increase of olfactory test scores between age 5 through 20years and a dramatic decrease at the age of 60 through 71years.
引用
收藏
页码:719 / 728
页数:10
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]   Sex differences in human olfaction: Between evidence and enigma [J].
Brand, G ;
Millot, JL .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2001, 54 (03) :259-270
[2]  
Catana I, 2014, CLUJUL MED, V85, P218
[3]   Comparison between Odor Thresholds for Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol and Butanol [J].
Croy, Ilona ;
Lange, Kornelia ;
Krone, Franziska ;
Negoias, Simona ;
Seo, Han-Seok ;
Hummel, Thomas .
CHEMICAL SENSES, 2009, 34 (06) :523-527
[4]   Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception [J].
Doty, Richard L. ;
Cameron, E. Leslie .
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 2009, 97 (02) :213-228
[5]   SEX-DIFFERENCES IN ODOR IDENTIFICATION ABILITY - A CROSS-CULTURAL-ANALYSIS [J].
DOTY, RL ;
APPLEBAUM, S ;
ZUSHO, H ;
SETTLE, RG .
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 1985, 23 (05) :667-672
[6]   The 40-item Monell Extended Sniffin' Sticks Identification Test (MONEX-40) [J].
Freiherr, Jessica ;
Gordon, Amy R. ;
Alden, Eva C. ;
Ponting, Andrea L. ;
Hernandez, Monica F. ;
Boesveldt, Sanne ;
Lundstrom, Johan N. .
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS, 2012, 205 (01) :10-16
[7]   Olfactory threshold and odor discrimination ability in children - evaluation of a modified "Sniffin' Sticks" test [J].
Gellrich, Janine ;
Stetzler, Carolin ;
Oleszkiewicz, Anna ;
Hummel, Thomas ;
Schriever, Valentin A. .
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2017, 7
[8]   High Test-Retest Reliability of the Extended Version of the "Sniffin' Sticks" Test [J].
Haehner, Antje ;
Mayer, Anna-Maria ;
Landis, Basile N. ;
Pournaras, Irene ;
Lill, Katja ;
Gudziol, Volker ;
Hummel, Thomas .
CHEMICAL SENSES, 2009, 34 (08) :705-711
[9]   Cognitive factors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification tasks [J].
Hedner, Margareta ;
Larsson, Maria ;
Arnold, Nancy ;
Zucco, Gesualdo M. ;
Hummel, Thomas .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 2010, 32 (10) :1062-1067
[10]   SMELL-S and SMELL-R: Olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience [J].
Hsieh, Julien W. ;
Keller, Andreas ;
Wong, Michele ;
Jiang, Rong-San ;
Vosshall, Leslie B. .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2017, 114 (43) :11275-11284