Salvage of failed free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction
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作者:
Novakovic, Daniel
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Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaPrincess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Novakovic, Daniel
[1
,2
]
Patel, Rajan S.
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Univ Auckland, Auckland City Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Auckland 1, New ZealandPrincess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Patel, Rajan S.
[3
]
Goldstein, David P.
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Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaPrincess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Goldstein, David P.
[1
,2
]
Gullane, Patrick J.
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Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaPrincess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
Gullane, Patrick J.
[1
,2
]
机构:
[1] Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Auckland, Auckland City Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Auckland 1, New Zealand
Free flap success rates are in excess of 95%. Vascular occlusion (thrombosis) remains the primary reason for flap loss, with venous thrombosis being more common than arterial occlusion. The majority of flap failures occur within the first 48 hours. With early recognition and intervention of flap compromise salvage is possible. Successful salvage rates range from 28% to over 90%. Rapid re-exploration in this clinical setting is crucial to maximise the chances of flap salvage. If salvage is not feasible or unsuccessful then non-surgical methods of salvage may be employed with some possibility of success. The purpose of this article is to review the causes of free flap failure and to highlight the available options for salvage.
机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China
Zhang, Bin
Li, De-zhi
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China
Li, De-zhi
Xu, Zhen-gang
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China
Xu, Zhen-gang
Tang, Ping-zhang
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Peking Union Med Coll, Canc Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China