An overview of the comprehensive First Mirror Test in JET with ITER-like wall

被引:70
作者
Ivanova, D. [1 ,2 ]
Rubel, M. [1 ,2 ]
Widdowson, A. [1 ,3 ]
Petersson, P. [1 ,2 ]
Likonen, J. [1 ,4 ]
Marot, L. [1 ,5 ]
Alves, E. [1 ,6 ]
Garcia-Carrasco, A. [1 ,2 ]
Pintsuk, G. [1 ,7 ]
机构
[1] JET EFDA, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England
[2] Assoc EURATOM VR, KTH, Alfven Lab, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
[3] CCFE EURATOM Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England
[4] VTT, Assoc EURATOM TEKES, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
[5] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Assoc EURATOM CRPP, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
[6] IST ITN, Lisbon, Portugal
[7] Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, FZJ, IEK 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
diagnostic mirrors; surface analysis; reflectivity; erosion and deposition; JET; ITER-like wall; CONTROLLED FUSION DEVICES; RHODIUM FILMS; EROSION; DIAGNOSTICS; DEPOSITION; MIGRATION; BERYLLIUM; TOKAMAK; N-15;
D O I
10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T159/014011
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
The First Mirror Test in Joint European Torus (JET) with the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor-like wall was performed with polycrystalline molybdenum mirrors. Two major types of experiments were done. Using a reciprocating probe system in the main chamber, a short-term exposure was made during a 0.3 h plasma operation in 71 discharges. The impact on reflectivity was negligible. In a long-term experiment lasting 19 h with 13 h of X-point plasma, 20 Mo mirrors were exposed, including four coated with a 1 mu m-thick Rh layer. Optical performance of all mirrors exposed in the divertor was degraded by up to 80% because of beryllium, carbon and tungsten co-deposits on surfaces. Total reflectivity of most Mo mirrors facing plasma in the main chamber was only slightly affected in the spectral range 400-1600 nm, while the Rh-coated mirror lost its high original reflectivity by 30%, thus decreasing to the level typical of molybdenum surfaces. Specular reflectivity was decreased most strongly in the 250-400 nm UV range. Surface measurements with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry and heavy-ion elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) revealed that the very surface region on both types of mirrors had been modified by neutrals, resulting eventually in the composition change: Be, C, D at the level below 1x10(16) cm(-2) mixed with traces of Ni, Fe in the layer 10-30 nm thick. On several exposed mirrors, the original matrix material (Mo) remained as the major constituent of the modified layer. The data obtained in two major phases of the JET operation with carbon and full metal walls are compared. The implications of these results for first mirrors and their maintenance in a reactor-class device are discussed.
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页数:10
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