A verifiable (t, n) threshold quantum state sharing scheme on IBM quantum cloud platform

In current verifiable quantum state sharing schemes, the dishonest behaviors of certain participants can be verified. However, these schemes have either high resource consumption, low verification efficiency or lack simulation implementations. To compensate for the shortcomings of current schemes, a new verifiable (t, n) threshold quantum state sharing scheme on the IBM quantum cloud platform is proposed. To reduce resource consumption, the proposed scheme prepares only one secret particle and then performs the Lagrange unitary operator on it, and the transformed secret particle is shared in the authorized subset of participants. To improve verification efficiency, the scheme performs the composite rotation unitary operator on the received message particle, such that it not only verifies the validity of the message particle but also reconstructs the original secret particle. The correctness of the proposed scheme is verified by not only mathematic proof but also experimental simulation on the IBM quantum cloud platform. Compared with the two other schemes based on the rotation unitary operator, the proposed scheme provides stronger verification security by using the private shadow key and rotation key. Compared with the two other schemes based on the verification mechanism, the proposed scheme has lower resource consumption and higher verification efficiency.