Integrin α2β1 regulates neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory activity in experimental colitis in mice

Background: Human inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), is associated with leukocyte accumulation in the inflamed intestinal tissue. Recent studies strongly suggest a role of beta 1 integrin receptors in regulating tissue damage and disease symptoms related to inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this Study was to investigate the role of the collagen-binding alpha 2 beta 1 integrin (CD49b/CD29) in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Methods: Colitis was induced in mice through oral administration of 2% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. Rectal administration of anti-alpha 2-monoclonal antibody (mAb) in 1 group was compared with oral treatment with betamethasone in another group and rectal administration of a control antibody in a third group. Clinical and histological signs of colitis, neutrophil infiltration into the colon mucosa, and gene expression of metalloproteinases were assessed. Results: Rectal administration of anti-alpha 2-mAb was found to significantly reduce weight loss from 13.5% +/- 6.5% to 2.2% +/- 0.2% (P = 0.013 versus control mAb) and mucosal neutrophil infiltration from 47.2 +/- 10.0 to 6.6 +/- 8.0 neutrophils per counted area (P < 0.05 versus control mAb). Metalloproteinase gene expression was suppressed through anti-alpha 2-mAb treatment. The protective effect against colitis seen after anti-alpha 2 beta 1 integrin treatment was found to be favorable to the effect seen after high-dose oral betamethasone. Conclusions: We demonstrate an alleviating action of the collagen-binding alpha 2 beta 1 integrin in experimental colitis in mice and suggest that this effect is mediated by inhibition of neutrophil migration and activation. Local administration of function-blocking antibodies against integrin alpha 2 beta 1 may provide novel avenues to treat inflammatory bowel disease.