Comparisons of metabolic and physiological changes in rats following short term oral dosing with pesticides commonly found in food

H-1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy has been used to profile urinary metabolites in male Fischer F344 rats in order to assess the metabolic changes induced by oral exposure to two benzimidazole fungicides (carbendazim and thiabendazole) and two bipyridyllium herbicides (chlormequat and mepiquat). Exposure levels were selected to be lower than those expected to cause overt signs of toxicity. We then compared the sensitivity of the metabolomics approach to more traditional methods of toxicity assessment such as the measurement of growth and organ weights. Separate, acute exposure experiments were conducted for each pesticide to identify potential metabolic markers of exposure across four doses (and a control). Growth, organ weights and feeding/drinking rates were not significantly affected by any compounds at any dose levels tested. In contrast, metabolic responses were detected within 8 and 24 h for chlormequat and mepiquat, and after 24 h for carbendazim and thiabendazole. These results demonstrate the potential for the use of metabolomics in food toxicity testing. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.