Inosine, gut microbiota, and cancer immunometabolism

被引:27
作者
Samami, Elham [1 ,2 ]
Aleebrahim-Dehkordi, Elahe [3 ,4 ]
Mohebalizadeh, Mehdi [5 ,6 ]
Yaribash, Shakila [7 ,8 ]
Saghazadeh, Amene [8 ,9 ]
Rezaei, Nima [6 ,9 ,10 ]
机构
[1] Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Canc Immunol Project CIP, Tehran, Iran
[2] Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, Iran
[3] Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Basic Hlth Sci Inst, Med Plants Res Ctr, Shahrekord, Iran
[4] Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Systemat Review & Meta Anal Expert Grp SRMEG, Shahrekord, Iran
[5] Urmia Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Orumiyeh, Iran
[6] Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Systemat Review & Meta Anal Expert Grp SRMEG, Orumiyeh, Iran
[7] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Int Campus, Tehran, Iran
[8] Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Systemat Review & Meta Anal Expert Grp SRMEG, Tehran, Iran
[9] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Childrens Med Ctr, Tehran, Iran
[10] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Tehran, Iran
来源
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM | 2022年 / 324卷 / 01期
关键词
cancer; gut; immunometabolism; immunotherapy; inosine; CD8(+) T-CELLS; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; MOUSE MODELS; ADENOSINE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; PROTECTS; RECEPTOR; TARGETS; CTLA-4;
D O I
10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2022
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
This article briefly reviews cancer immunity and the role of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis, followed by an understanding of mechanisms by which inosine is involved in cancer immunometabolism. The immune system plays a paradoxical role in cancer treatment. Antitumor immunity depends on the T-cell priming against tumor antigens, whereas inflammatory mediators trigger the protumor signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Studies link the microbiome with metabolism and immunity-two main factors implicated in carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota has been shown to affect both antitumor immunity and protumor immune signaling. There is mounting evidence that the human microbiome can play a role in the immunotherapeutic effects, both response and resistance. Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a highly conservative enzyme widely expressed in mammals. Cell signaling pathways use molecular inosine, a crucial secondary metabolite in purine metabolism and a molecular messenger. Recent research has identified inosine as a critical regulator of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapeutic response in various tumor types. Some bacterial species were found to produce inosine or its metabolite hypoxanthine and induce T-helper 1 differentiation and effector functions via the inosine-A2AR-cAMP-PKA pathway upon ICI therapy. Also, inosine acts as a substitute carbon source for T-cell metabolism in glucose-restricted environments, i.e., the tumor microenvironment, assisting T-cell proliferation and differentiation while enhancing sensitivity to ICI, reinforcing the notion that inosine metabolism might contribute to antitumor immunity. Also, inosine is a potent agonist of the adenosine receptor, A2AR, and A2AR signaling can affect T-cell responses and antitumor immunity, making the inosine-A2AR pathway blockage a candidate for cancer treatment. Further research is required to investigate inosine as a cancer immunometabolism therapy.
引用
收藏
页码:E1 / E8
页数:8
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