The unconventional structure of centromeric nucleosomes

被引:48
作者
Henikoff, Steven [1 ,2 ]
Furuyama, Takehito [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
[2] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
关键词
HISTONE H3 VARIANT; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; A CENP-A; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; FISSION YEAST; POINT CENTROMERES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NONHISTONE SCM3; BUDDING YEAST; CORE PARTICLE;
D O I
10.1007/s00412-012-0372-y
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The centromere is a defining feature of the eukaryotic chromosome, required for attachment to spindle microtubules and segregation to the poles at both mitosis and meiosis. The fundamental unit of centromere identity is the centromere-specific nucleosome, in which the centromeric histone 3 (cenH3) variant takes the place of H3. The structure of the cenH3 nucleosome has been the subject of controversy, as mutually exclusive models have been proposed, including conventional and unconventional left-handed octamers (octasomes), hexamers with non-histone protein constituents, and right-handed heterotypic tetramers (hemisomes). Hemisomes have been isolated from native centromeric chromatin, but traditional nucleosome assembly protocols have generally yielded partially unwrapped left-handed octameric nucleosomes. In budding yeast, topology analysis and high-resolution mapping has revealed that a single right-handed cenH3 hemisome occupies the similar to 80-bp Centromere DNA Element II (CDEII) of each chromosome. Overproduction of cenH3 leads to promiscuous low-level incorporation of octasome-sized particles throughout the yeast genome. We propose that the right-handed cenH3 hemisome is the universal unit of centromeric chromatin, and that the inherent instability of partially unwrapped left-handed cenH3 octamers is an adaptation to prevent formation of neocentromeres on chromosome arms.
引用
收藏
页码:341 / 352
页数:12
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