Climate of seed source affects susceptibility of coastal Douglas-fir to foliage diseases

被引:17
|
作者
Wilhelmi, Nicholas P. [1 ]
Shaw, David C. [2 ]
Harrington, Constance A. [3 ]
St Clair, John Bradley [4 ]
Ganio, Lisa M. [5 ]
机构
[1] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Snell Hall 201, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[2] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Richardson Hall 218, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[3] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA
[4] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[5] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 201N Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
来源
ECOSPHERE | 2017年 / 8卷 / 12期
关键词
adaptation; assisted migration; climate change; climate transfer distance; coastal Douglas-fir; Rhabdocline needle cast; seed-source movement trials; Swiss needle cast; SWISS NEEDLE-CAST; PHAEOCRYPTOPUS-GAEUMANNII; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GENETIC-VARIATION; RESISTANCE; PHENOLOGY; SEVERITY; MODEL; PLANTATIONS;
D O I
10.1002/ecs2.2011
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Seed-source movement trials using common garden experiments are needed to understand climate, tree (host), and pathogen interactions. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) is an important tree species native to western North America influenced by the foliar fungi Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, a biotroph and causal agent of Swiss needle cast (SNC), and Rhabdocline species, necrotrophs that cause Rhabdocline needle cast. We used the Douglas-fir Seed-Source Movement Trial, a large provenance study of Douglas-fir that consists of populations and test sites chosen to represent the range of climate conditions experienced by Douglas-fir west of the Cascade and northern Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA, to assess disease severity and symptom expression in Douglas-fir in relation to climatic differences between test sites and population sources. Using generalized linear mixed models, probability of disease severity/expression was modeled with respect to the climate variables May through September precipitation (MSP), mean winter temperature (MWT), and continentality. Stark differences in disease expression were observed in trees from different regions, especially in relation to resistance to Rhabdocline spp. and tolerance to P. gaeumannii. There were no major differences across seed-source regions at any particular site in infection levels of P. gaeumannii assessed by fruiting body abundance, yet disease tolerance followed similar geographic patterns as resistance to Rhabdocline spp. Transfers of populations from low to high MSP, and/or cool to warm MWT, increased the probability of moderate to severe Rhabdocline spp. infection and SNC disease symptoms. Our results suggest that local seed sources are adapted to local climate and pathogen pressures and that seed sources from regions with high foliage disease pressure are most resistant/tolerant to those foliage diseases. We also confirm that temperature and precipitation are important epidemiological factors in forest disease and that assisted migration must take into account trophic interactions of trees. Movement of seed sources from dry spring and summer and/or cool winter conditions to mild, mesic environments is likely to lead to increased probability of losses due to these foliage diseases.
引用
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页数:29
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