Numerical assessment of the human body response to a ground-level explosion

This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of the behaviour of a human body after a ground-level explosion. The explosions were generated by condensed charges for different stand-off distances and various masses of explosive. The detonations points were located at distances of 1.0 and 2.0 meters from the dummy (human model) obstacle. The different masses of spherically-shaped TNT charges (0.4-1.0 kg) were initiated centrally. The blast wave propagation was generated using a coupled numerical design, which included Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions for different domains, i.e. the dummy, air, and explosive domains. The main objective of this work was to present the actual pressures and accelerations around the dummy and the body motion caused by the rapid shock of the pressure action. Reaction forces and moments of anatomical joints were provided. Furthermore, the safety criteria presented in the official standards were compared to the simulation results. In this research, different positions against the loading masses were analysed. In each analysis the same standing human model was used. The dummy geometry was based on a medium size male (1.79 m, 84.8 kg). The human body was modelled as consisting of separate, rigid parts (with adequate masses and inertia moments) connected by joints exhibiting nonlinear behaviour. Anatomical ranges of motion were taken into consideration, and a dedicated numerical technique was proposed to model the resistance moment vs. the range of motion relations for the most important human body joints.