The whitening effect of chlorine dioxide-An in vitro study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the whitening properties and rate of bleaching action of chlorine dioxide and compare them with those of hydrogen peroxide of similar concentration. Methods: Sixty bovine central incisor crowns were ground and polished until flat surfaces were obtained. The crowns were subjected to extensive staining cycles of artificial saliva, chlorehexidine and tea before being randomly assigned to three groups: chlorine dioxide (ClO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and deionised water (H2O). The crowns in each group were subjected to seven 2 min exposure cycles in addition to an extra 30 min cycle. CIE LAB spectrophotometric measurements were taken at baseline, after each 2 min, and each extended 30 min bleaching cycle. Results: L* for ClO2 specimens was significantly higher only after the first 2 min cycle (p < 0.001) while for H2O2 specimens, L* significantly increased after the first two cycles (p < 0.001) and continued to increase, at a slower rate, until the end of the treatment cycles. Delta E was significantly greater within H2O2 than within ClO2 specimens (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Chlorine dioxide whitens teeth at a faster rate than hydrogen peroxide. Specimens treated with chlorine dioxide were significantly lighter than those treated with hydrogen peroxide at the end of the first 2 min application cycle, however, extended exposures did not enhance color. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.