Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Cu-Water Nanofluid in an Enclosure with Moving Cold Sidewalls

Mixed convection of Cu-water nanofluid in a lid-driven square cavity with a heat source embedded in the bottom wall is studied numerically. The governing equations together with the respective boundary conditions are solved numerically using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm. The computations are performed for various Richardson numbers (0.1 <= Ri <= 100), heat source length (0.2 <= B <= 0.8) and volume fraction of the nanoparticles (0 <= phi <= 0.2). It is observed from the results that the average Nusselt number is increased by increasing the Richardson number and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the maximum temperature at the heat source surface decreases by increasing the Richardson number and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles.