Historical Perspectives and Recent Research on DNA Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Systems and Bioengineering Applications

Soft hydrogel materials have attracted increasing attention from scientists due to the programmability of nucleic acids. DNA hydrogels are increasingly used in biomedicine due to their natural biocompatibiity and degradation properties. Moreover, the addition of various molecules to these hydrogels can enhance the superiority and utility of DNA hydrogels. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a timely overview of historical perspectives and recent research advances in DNA hydrogels and their applications in bioengineering and stimulus-responsive systems. The state-of-the-art problems and future prospects of DNA hydrogels were also discussed.