The nonconventional bottom-up growth of TiO2 was first demonstrated in the preparation of hierarchical TiO2 electrodes for use in highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. The simple immersion of a substrate in a precursor solution enabled the growth of TiO2 particulate films. Here, we have implemented a hierarchical growth strategy in which two stages of controlled growth yielded first macroscale TiO2 particles, followed by mesoscale TiO2 particles. We successfully fabricated electrode films up to 20 mu m thick via a growth rate of 0.3 mu m/min. The specific area of the electrodes was controlled via the deposition of mesoscale TiO2 particles. The deposited particles displayed a rutile phase with an average size of several tens of nanorneters in diameter, as confirmed by XRD and high-resolution TEM imaging. After depositing the second layer of mesoscale TiO2 particles, the photocurrent density increased by a factor of 3. A maximum efficiency of 6.84% was obtained for the hierarchically structured TiO2 electrodes under 1 sun illumination. The hierarchical TiO2 electrodes were compared with macroporous TiO2 electrodes, revealing that the higher photocurrent density could be attributed to a longer electron recombination lifetime and a high specific area The longer recombination lifetime was supported by the presence of fewer defective TiO2 surfaces, as confirmed by the XPS spectrum.
机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Chen, Ru-Fen
Zhang, Lei
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机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lei
Wei, Yu
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Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Wei, Yu
Hou, Deng-Lu
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机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Ghosh, Rudresh
Brennaman, M. Kyle
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Brennaman, M. Kyle
Uher, Tim
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Uher, Tim
Ok, Myoung-Ryul
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Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Appl Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Ok, Myoung-Ryul
Samulski, Edward T.
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Samulski, Edward T.
McNeil, L. E.
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
McNeil, L. E.
Meyer, Thomas J.
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Meyer, Thomas J.
Lopez, Rene
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Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Chen, Ru-Fen
Zhang, Lei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lei
Wei, Yu
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机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
Wei, Yu
Hou, Deng-Lu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, Peoples R China
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Ghosh, Rudresh
Brennaman, M. Kyle
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Brennaman, M. Kyle
Uher, Tim
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Uher, Tim
Ok, Myoung-Ryul
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Appl Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Ok, Myoung-Ryul
Samulski, Edward T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Samulski, Edward T.
McNeil, L. E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
McNeil, L. E.
Meyer, Thomas J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Meyer, Thomas J.
Lopez, Rene
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USAUniv N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA