Low-level laser irradiation modulates cell viability and creatine kinase activity in C2C12 muscle cells during the differentiation process

Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is increasingly used to treat musculoskeletal disorders, with satisfactory results described in the literature. Skeletal muscle satellite cells play a key role in muscle regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of LLLI on cell viability, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors in C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation process. C2C12 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 2 % horse serum and submitted to irradiation with GaAlAs diode laser (wavelength, 780 nm; output power, 10 mW; energy density, 5 J/cm(2)). Cell viability and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors were assessed 24, 48, and 72 h after irradiation by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. CK activity was analyzed at 24 and 72 h. An increase in cell viability was found in the laser group in comparison to the control group at all evaluation times. CK activity was significantly increased in the laser group at 72 h. Myogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) demonstrated a tendency toward an increase in the laser group, but the difference in comparison to the control group was non-significant. In conclusion, LLLI was able to modulate cell viability and CK activity in C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation process.