Single acquisition water-fat separation: Feasibility study for dynamic imaging

Water-fat separation can be challenging in the presence of field inhomogeneities. Three-point (3-pt) water-fat separation methods achieve robust performance by measuring and compensating for field inhomogeneities; however, they triple the scan time. The "1(+)-pt" water-fat separation method proposed in this article for dynamic or repetitive imaging situations combines 3-pt methods' ability to correct for field inhomogeneities with the scan efficiency of a single acquisition method to achieve high temporal and spatial resolutions and robust water-fat separation. Single-echo data are collected with water and fat at a relative phase shift of an odd multiple of pi/2. To correct for undesired phase modulation, phase maps are estimated from a 3-pt calibration scan acquired prior to dynamic imaging. The phase maps are assumed to be slowly varying in time, so they may be used for correcting the phase of the subsequent single-echo signals at the same imaging location. Noise performance was investigated and shown to be equivalent to a single excitation acquisition. The 1(+)-pt method can also be used in conjunction with parallel imaging. In this situation, the calibration scans required by both methods can be integrated into a shared calibration scan. Promising results were obtained in breast, abdominal, and cardiac imaging applications.