OAENet: Oriented attention ensemble for accurate facial expression recognition

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a challenging yet important research topic owing to its significance with respect to its academic and commercial potentials. In this work, we propose an oriented attention pseudo-siamese network that takes advantage of global and local facial information for high accurate FER. Our network consists of two branches, a maintenance branch that consisted of several convolutional blocks to take advantage of high-level semantic features, and an attention branch that possesses a UNet-like architecture to obtain local highlight information. Specifically, we first input the face image into the maintenance branch. For the attention branch, we calculate the correlation coefficient between a face and its sub-regions. Next, we construct a weighted mask by correlating the facial landmarks and the correlation coefficients. Then, the weighted mask is sent to the attention branch. Finally, the two branches are fused to output the classification results. As such, a direction-dependent attention mechanism is established to remedy the limitation of insufficient utilization of local information. With the help of our attention mechanism, our network not only grabs a global picture but can also concentrate on important local areas. Experiments are carried out on 4 leading facial expression datasets. Our method has achieved a very appealing performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.