An extended resection of periosteal osteosarcoma combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a case report and literature review

This report describes a rare case of a periosteal osteosarcoma (PO) of the mandible in a 56-year-old Chinese man. The diagnosis was confirmed by a biopsy and a pathological examination. Furthermore, a unique treatment was performed in this case, including preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an extended resection of the tumor, and reconstruction of the mandibular defect with the fibular myocutaneous flap. Radiological and clinical evaluations were performed during follow-up. The patient was free of disease at the latest follow-up and was satisfied with the results of the treatment, including the improvement of his facial appearance. Herein, we summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease after conducting an extensive literature review. In conclusion, patients with PO can be treated by an extended resection of the mass with a simultaneous reconstruction. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is greatly effective in inhibiting tumor growth and achieving valuable time for digital surgical design.